B. Other Important Elements
1. Hydrogen (H) - 1 proton, 1 amu, 1 electron in valence shell, needs 1 more electron to
fill its valence shell
2. Oxygen (O) - 8 protons, 16 amu, 6 electrons in valence shell, needs 2 more
electrons to fill its valence shell.
3. Nitrogen (N) - 7 protons, 14 amu, 5 electrons in valence shell, needs 3 more
electrons to fill its valence shell. Can form triple bonds to other atoms.
C. 4 Macromolecules make up all Organisms:
1. Carbohydrates: "CH2O" - have Carbon : Hydrogen : Oxygen in a 1 : 2 : 1 ratio.
These are "Energy" Compounds - Sugars e.g. C6H12O6 (Glucose). Some are also
structural.
3 Catogories:
a. Monosacharides - "Single Sugars" Glucose, Frutrose, Galactose, Maltose, ... etc.
"Quick" energy.
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