a. DNA--Deoxyribonucleic Acid--genetic information
Structure: Composed of subunits called nucleotides: PO4--Deoxyribose--Nitrogenous Base
1 phospate, 1 sugar, 1 base (P) (S) 4 Bases: Adenine, Guanine,
Cytosine, & Thymine
A & D are Purines (double rings)
C & T Pyrinidines (single ring)
OH in RNA
H in DNA (in the R-group coming off the sugar)
P P
\ /
S--A... T--S
/ /
P P
\ /
S--G... A--S
/
P So on so forth.
\
S--C
Chargaff's Rules: A Bonds to T always. G to C.
DNA is complimentary (one side compliments the other {A-T G-C})
Double Helix allows DNA to make exact replicates. Also allows for copying genetic information by RNA.
Allows for DNA repair.
DNA is anti-parallel. One side faces in the opposite direction to the other.
b. RNA--Ribonucleic Acid. Same structure as DNA with the following exceptions:
i. Uracil replaces Thymine
ii. Ribose, not deoxyribose
iii. Single Strand, not double
Function: Copies genes & translates that information into a protein.
A-T-G-C-A-T-G-G-G-A-T-G-C-C-A DNA (gene)
U-A-C-G-U-A-C-C-C-U-A-C-G-G-U mRNA (m=messenger)
Underlined part leaves nucleus of the cell & goes out into the cytoplasm where it anchors onto a ribosome. (amino acid) (same shape as first)
| | | | |
A-U-G C-A-U G-G-G A-U-G C-C-A tRNA
U-A-C-G-U-A-C-C-C-U-A-C-G-G-U 64 words in DNA
c. ATP--Adenosine Tri-phospate--Our cell's energy currency
Glucose
/
<------
ATP<----------------------------------> ADP (di) + P
\
-------------> Heat
No comments:
Post a Comment