III...
ii. Precipitation-causes viruses to come out of solution and solidify. Some antibodies can act as a catalyst to precipitate the viruses. Viruses can't infect cells and they're easier to phagocytize.
iii. Neutralization-of wastes of bacteria and fungi.
Note: The next 3 actions require another chemical called Compliment-a class of proteins that are produced by all cells and these act with antibodies to:
iv. Inflammation-antibody bonds to a compliment on the surface of the mast cell.
v. Flagging-infected cells will produce a compliment that bonds to a foreign protein and this complex is exocytized onto the surface of the cell and this flags it for destruction.
vi. Lysis-antibody/compliment bonds to the surface of a foreign cell and lyses it.
Note- Antibodies are specifically designed to bond to a foreign chemical (usually a protein) called an antigen. Actions i-iii require antibody-antogen and actions iv-vi require antibody-compliment-antigen. This is called the Self/Nonself Complex.
B. The Cell Mediated Response- Involved T-Lymphocytes (T-Thymus T-Cells migrate and mature) These cells identify the antigen and kill infected cells.
1. Activation.
a. A macrophage phagocytizes the pathogen, breaks it up, finds a Helper T-Cell, docks with it and "presents" the antigen to it. It is now an APC (Antigen Presenting Cell)
b. The Helper T-Cell starts to secrete Interleukin I-carries the "recipe" for the antigen and it stimulates the growth of more Helper T-Cells.
c. As these cells grow and multiply, they begin to send out a second protein called Interleukin II (IL II). IL II Does 2 things:
i. Activates the Humoral Response.
ii. Activates the Cell Mediated Response.
2. When IL II activates Effector T-Cells, they begin to divide into two types.
a. Memory T-cells- Immuno Memory and Vaccines.
b. Cytotoxic T-Cells-roam around the site of infection and dock with infected cells, release Perforin, which lyses the cell.
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